Grammar

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From ... to ... (for places or time)

N1 kara N2 made

It takes 4 1/2 hours from Hiroshima to Tokyo
Hiroshima kara Tokyo made yo ji kan han gurai kakarimasu.

Connecting related nouns

N1 to N2

The restaurant is closed on Saturday and Sunday
Resutorante no yasumi wa doyoubi to nichiyoubi desu.

Describing N1 in comparison to N2

N1 wa N2 yori adjective desu

This house is bigger than that house.
Kono ie wa ano ie yori ookidesu.

Choosing between two things

N1 to N2 to dochira ga adjective desuka?
... N1/N2 no hou ga adjective desu.

Which is more delicious, sushi or tofu?
Sushi is.
Sushi to tofu to dochira ga oishi desuka?
Sushi no houga oishi desu.

Denying an interrogative

I don't go anywhere
Doko mo ekimasen.

I don't eat anything.
Nani mo tabemasen

Nobody is there
dare mo imasen

I think that...
Plain form to omoimasu

say....
"Phrase" or plain form to iimasu

When....
V dictionary form toki, ...
V nai form toki, ...
i-adj toki, ...
na-adj toki, ...
Noun no toki ..

..., then (inevitably)
V dictionary form to, ....

If ....
plain past form ra, ....

When ... / After ...
Verb ta-form ra, ...

Even if ...
V te-form mo, ...
i-adj -> ku te mo, ...
na-adj -> de mo, ...
Noun de mo, ..

V ... and V ..., and so on
Verb ta-form ri, Verb ta-form ri shi masu

become ...
i-adj ku narimasu
na-adj ni narimasu
Noun ni narimasu

have the experience of V-ing
Verb ta-form koto ga arimasu

..., before ...
Verb1 dictionary form maeni, Verb2
Noun no maeni, Verb2
Quantifier (period) maeni, Verb2

can ...
Noun koto ga dekimasu
Verb dictionary form kota ga dekimasu

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