Particle Usage

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wa: subject

de: in (in Japanese or English)
de: with (means of action)
      (with a word processor,
      with chopsticks)
de: by (means of transportation)
      (except for aruite-by foot)
de: at (where an action occurs)
      (restaurant de tabemasu)
      (hon de kaimasu)
      (fho de aimashou)
de: by yourself (hitori-de)
de: of (kazoku de dare ga ichiban...)

e: to (as in go to)
e: to (for thing or place you send or
     call -note: ni is ok too)

ga: but (used to link sentences)
ga: for object of verb or adjective
      that describe preference,
     ability, possession.
     use for object of have,
     understand, like, dislike, good
     at, poor at
     (riori ga suki desu, Nihongo ga
     wakarimasu)
ga: paricle for thing or person that
     is/exists (computer ga arimasu,
     dog ga imasu)

kara: connects 2 sentences to
        denote a casual relationship
        (S1 is the reason for S2)
kara: from (itsu kara-fromwhen)
kara: receive from an organization
        (ginko kara $ o karimashita)
kara: because -placed at end of sent

ni: on or at (date, birthday, time)
    (tanjoubi ni)
ni: to (for person to whom you give,
   send, lend, teach, call etc)
ni: from (for person from whom you
    recieve, borrow, learn, etc).
ni: for dir object of to meet
ni: in (place ni N2 ga arismasu or
     imasu, place where N2 is
     present)
ni: marks the goal as in:
ni: in that (N ni V) kisaten ni hairimas

no: N1 no N2 (N1 modifies N2)
     (ashita no ban)
no: N1 no N2 (N1 owns N2)
     (Watashi no hon)
no: N1 no N2 (N2 is made in N1)
     (N2 is from N1)

o: indicates direct object of verb
    (cut buy make borrow lend give)
o: particle for onegaishimasu
    (denwabango o onegaishimasu)
o: at starting point for verbs like
    demasu or orimasu (N ni N o V)
    nana ji ni uchi o demasu

to: with (with family, friend)
to: and (connect 2 nouns)

mo: also (watashi mo)
mo: nowhere, nothing (doko mo
ikimasen; nani mo tabemasen)

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