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From ... to ...  (for places or time)

N1 kara N2 made

It takes 4 1/2 hours from Hiroshima to Tokyo
Hiroshima kara Tokyo made yo ji kan han gurai kakarimasu.

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Connecting related nouns

N1 to N2

The restaurant is closed on Saturday and Sunday
Resutorante no yasumi wa doyoubi to nichiyoubi desu.

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Describing N1 in comparison to N2

N1 wa N2 yori adjective desu

This house is bigger than that house.
Kono ie wa ano ie yori ookidesu.

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Choosing between two things

N1 to N2 to dochira ga adjective desuka?
... N1/N2 no hou ga adjective desu.

Which is more delicious, sushi or tofu?
Sushi is.
Sushi to tofu to dochira ga oishi desuka?
Sushi no houga oishi desu.

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Denying an interrogative

I don't go anywhere
Doko mo ekimasen.

I don't eat anything.
Nani mo tabemasen

Nobody is there
dare mo imasen

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I think that...
Plain form to omoimasu

say....
"Phrase" or plain form to iimasu

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When....
V dictionary form  toki, ...
V nai form toki, ...
i-adj      toki, ...
na-adj   toki, ...
Noun no  toki ..

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..., then (inevitably)
V dictionary form to, ....

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If ....
plain past form ra, ....

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When ... / After ...
Verb ta-form ra, ...

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Even if ...
V te-form       mo, ...
i-adj -> ku te  mo, ...
na-adj -> de  mo, ...
Noun de  mo, ..

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V ... and  V ..., and so on
Verb ta-form ri, Verb ta-form ri shi masu

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become ...
i-adj ku narimasu
na-adj ni narimasu
Noun ni narimasu

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have the experience of V-ing
Verb ta-form koto ga arimasu

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..., before ...
Verb1 dictionary form maeni, Verb2
Noun no maeni, Verb2
Quantifier (period) maeni, Verb2

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can ...
Noun koto ga dekimasu
Verb dictionary form kota ga dekimasu

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